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* M33 * Triangulum Galaxy *

karina — Tue, 11 Dec 2007 03:52:26 GMT

Triangulum Galaxy
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Triangulum Galaxy

Amateur photography of the Triangulum Galaxy
Observation data: J2000 epoch
Constellation: Triangulum
Right ascension: 01h 33m 50.9s[1]
Declination: +30° 39′ 36″[1]
Redshift: -179 ± 3 km/s[1]
Distance: 2.92 ± 0.13 Mly (895 ± 40 kpc)[2][3][4][5]
Type: SA(s)cd[1]
Apparent dimensions (V): 70′.8 × 41′.7[1]
Apparent magnitude (V): 6.3[1]
Notable features: NGC 604
Other designations
Messier 33,[1] NGC 598,[1]
UGC 1117,[1] PGC 5818[1],
Triangulum Pinwheel,[6]
See also: Galaxy, List of galaxies

The Triangulum Galaxy (also known as Messier 33 or NGC 598) is a spiral galaxy approximately 3 million light-years away in the constellation Triangulum. The galaxy is also sometimes informally referred to as the Pinwheel Galaxy by some amateur astronomy references [7] and in some public outreach websites.[8] However, the SIMBAD Astronomical Database, a professional astronomy database that contains formal designations for astronomical objects, indicates that the name "Pinwheel Galaxy" is used to refer to Messier 101, [9] and several other amateur astronomy resources and other public outreach websites also identify Messier 101 by that name.[10][11] It is the third largest galaxy in the Local Group, a group of galaxies that also contains the Milky Way Galaxy and the Andromeda Galaxy, and it may be a gravitationally bound companion of the Andromeda Galaxy. The Pisces Dwarf (LGS 3), one of the small Local Group member galaxies, is possibly a satellite of Triangulum.

The Triangulum Galaxy can be seen with the naked eye under exceptionally good conditions; it is thus the most distant object that can be seen without aid.[7] However, amateur astronomers may confuse the object with the nearby NGC 752, an open cluster that is brighter than the Triangulum Galaxy.[citation needed]

In 2005, using observations of two water masers on opposite sides of Triangulum via the VLBA, researchers were, for the first time, able to estimate the angular rotation and proper motion of Triangulum. A velocity of 190 ± 60 km/s relative to the Milky Way is computed which gives the velocity that Triangulum is moving towards Andromeda.[12]

The galaxy has an H II nucleus.[13]
Contents
[hide]

* 1 General information
* 2 Distance
* 3 References in fiction
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 6 External links

[edit] General information

The galaxy can be seen with the naked eye, but no known pre-telescopic observer notes it, which is not surprising: given its indistinctness, it is not likely to be noticed as an object unless one already knows of its existence.

The Triangulum Galaxy was probably discovered by Giovanni Batista Hodierna before 1654, who may have grouped it together with open cluster NGC 752. It was independently discovered by Charles Messier in 1764, who catalogued it as M33 on August 25. M33 was also catalogued independently by William Herschel on September 11, 1784 number H V.17. It was among the first "spiral nebulae" identified as such by Lord Rosse.
NGC 604 in the Triangulum Galaxy is a very massive open cluster surrounded by an H II region. Credit: NASA/ESA.
NGC 604 in the Triangulum Galaxy is a very massive open cluster surrounded by an H II region. Credit: NASA/ESA.

Herschel also cataloged The Triangulum Galaxy's brightest and largest H II region (diffuse emission nebula containing ionized hydrogen) as H III.150 separately from the galaxy itself, which eventually obtained NGC number 604. As seen from Earth NGC 604 is located northeast of the galaxy's central core, and is one of the largest H II regions known with a diameter of nearly 1500 light-years and a spectrum similar to the Orion Nebula. Herschel also noted 3 other smaller H II regions (NGC 588, 592 and 595).

[edit] Distance

At least two techniques have been used to measure distances to M 33. Using the Cepheid variable method, an estimate of 2.77 ± 0.13 Mly (850 ± 40 kpc) was achieved in 2004.[2][3]

In 2006, a group of astronomers announced the discovery of an eclipsing binary star in the Triangulum Galaxy. By studying the eclipses of the stars, the astronomers were able to measure their sizes. Knowing the sizes and temperatures of the stars they were able to measure the absolute magnitude of the stars. When the visual and absolute magnitudes are known, the distance to the star can be measured. The stars lie at the distance of 3.1 ± 0.2 Mly (940 ± 70 kpc).[4]

Averaged together, all these distance measurements give a combined distance estimate of 2.92 ± 0.13 Mly (895 ± 40 kpc).[5]

[edit] References in fiction

See Galaxies in fiction.

[edit] See also

* List of Messier objects
* New General Catalogue
* Wikipedia Project: Astronomical Objects
* NGC 604

[edit] References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Results for NGC 598. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.
2. ^ a b I. D. Karachentsev, V. E. Karachentseva, W. K. Hutchmeier, D. I. Makarov (2004). "A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies". Astronomical Journal 127: 2031-2068.
3. ^ a b Karachentsev, I. D.; Kashibadze, O. G. (2006). "Masses of the local group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field". Astrophysics 49 (1): 3-18.
4. ^ a b Bonanos, A. Z.; Stanek, K. Z.; Kudritzki, R. P.; Macri, L.; Sasselov, D. D.; Kaluzny, J.; Bersier, D.; Bresolin, F.; Matheson, T.; Mochejska, B. J.; Przybilla, N.; Szentgyorgyi, A. H.; Tonry, J.; Torres, G. (2006). "The First DIRECT Distance to a Detached Eclipsing Binary in M33". Astrophysics and Space Science Online First.
5. ^ a b average(850 ± 40, 940 ± 70) = ((850 + 940) / 2) ± ((40² + 70²)0.5 / 2) = 895 ± 40
6. ^ SIMBAD astronomical database. Results for M33. Retrieved on 2007-04-30.
7. ^ a b S. J. O'Meara (1998). The Messier Objects. Cambridge: Cambridge University. ISBN 0-521-55332-6.
8. ^ NASA Spitzer Telescope Reveals Pinwheel Galaxy's Hidden Wonders. Retrieved on 2007-04-07.
9. ^ SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Results for Messier 101.. Retrieved on 2007-04-07.
10. ^ Messier Object 101. Retrieved on 2007-04-07.
11. ^ Best of AOP: M101: Pinwheel Galaxy. Retrieved on 2007-04-07.
12. ^ Brunthaler, Andreas; Reid, Mark J.; Falcke, Heino; Greenhill, Lincoln J.; Henkel, Christian (2005). "The Geometric Distance and Proper Motion of the Triangulum Galaxy (M33)". Science 307 (5714): 1440-1443.
13. ^ Ho, Luis C.; Filippenko, Alexei V. & Sargent, Wallace L. W. (October 1997), "A Search for "Dwarf" Seyfert Nuclei. III. Spectroscopic Parameters and Properties of the Host Galaxies", Astrophysical Journal Supplement 112: 315-390

[edit] External links

* Messier 33, SEDS Messier pages
* M33 at ESA/Hubble
* Triangulum Galaxy High In Northern Skies

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulum_Galaxy"

Categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements since October 2007 | Spiral galaxies | Unbarred spiral galaxies | Local Group | Triangulum Subgroup | Triangulum constellation | Messier objects | NGC objects | UGC objects | PGC objects

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulum_Galaxy

posted in 33* - 0 replies

* 33 *

karina — Tue, 11 Dec 2007 03:50:44 GMT

33 (thirty-three) is the natural number following 32 and preceding 34.

← 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 →

List of numbers — Integers

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 →
Cardinal 33
thirty-three
Ordinal 33rd
thirty-third
Factorization 3\cdot 11
Divisors 1, 3, 11, 33
Roman numeral XXXIII
Binary 100001
Hexadecimal 21
Contents
[hide]

* 1 In mathematics
* 2 In science
o 2.1 Astronomy
* 3 In religion
* 4 In sports
* 5 In other fields
* 6 Historical years
* 7 References

[edit] In mathematics

33 is the largest positive integer that can not be expressed as a sum of different triangular numbers. It is also the smallest odd repdigit that's not prime (unless we consider 1-digit integers to also be repdigits).

33 is the eighth distinct biprime comprising the prime factors (3.11). Its aliquot sum is 15; itself a discrete biprime (3.5) in the following Aliquot sequence 33,15,9,4,3,1,0. (Note 33 is the 8th composite number to descend into the prime number 3, the others outside of this sequence being 30,26,16,12)

The sum of the first four factorials is 33. Adding up the sums of divisors for the 1 through 6 yields 33. 33 is the smallest integer such that it and the next two integers all have the same number of divisors.

It is also the first member of the first cluster of three biprimes (33,34,35); the next such cluster is (85,86,87).

[edit] In science

* The atomic number of arsenic

[edit] Astronomy

* Messier object M33, a magnitude 7.0 galaxy in the constellation Triangulum, also known as the \]] object NGC 33, a double star in the constellation Pisces
* The Saros number of the solar eclipse series which began on -1982 August 2 and ended on -485 January 17. The duration of Saros series 33 was 1496.5 years, and it contained 84 solar eclipses.
* The Saros number of the lunar eclipse series which began on -1662 May 22 and ended on -364 July 10. The duration of Saros series 33 was 1298.1 years, and it contained 73 lunar eclipses.

[edit] In religion

* Lag Ba'omer is a minor Jewish holiday which falls on the 33rd day of the Omer
* Jesus's age when he was crucified in 33 A.D., according to many, though not verified historically.

[edit] In sports

* The number of innings played in the longest baseball game in history (a 1981 minor league game between the Rochester Red Wings and the Pawtucket Red Sox in Pawtucket, Rhode Island).
* Retired numbers of former basketball star Larry Bird, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, and former baseball star Eddie Murray.
* Number of retired hockey goalie Patrick Roy.
* Jersey number of basketball player Patrick Ewing. The number was retired on February 28, 2003 by the New York Knicks.
* Jersey number of basketball player Scottie Pippen. The number was retired on December 9, 2005 by the Chicago Bulls.
* Name and lucky number of the Danish flag football team Odense 33
* Scott Wimmer's Nextel Cup Series number for Richard Childress Racing sponsored by Holiday Inn

[edit] In other fields

Thirty-three is:

* Alexander the Great died at the age of thirty-three
* On most occasions, the traditional number of racers in the Indianapolis 500
* In reference to gramophone records, 33 refers to a type of record by its revolution speed of 33⅓ revolutions per minute. 33s are also known as long playing records, or LPs. See: 78 and 45
* Many people claim that they see, witness, or experience the number 33 in unusual circumstances or at a frequency that defies statistical likelihood. A popular website is dedicated to this digit
* The best-known car number of retired NASCAR driver Harry Gant
* A significant number in modern numerology, one of the master numbers along with 11 and 22
* A song by the Smashing Pumpkins on their Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness album. Also a song by Coheed and Cambria on their The Second Stage Turbine Blade album (the songs are not related)
* The title of the first episode of the new Battlestar Galactica television series
* In Spanish, the "smile to the camera" word, as is "cheese" in English. Diga treinta y tres ("Say thirty-three") is the same as "Say cheese"
* In French, Italian, Romanian, Spanish and Portuguese, the word a patient is usually asked to say when a doctor is listening to his or her lungs with a stethoscope (Trente-Trois, Trentatrè, Treizeci şi trei, Treinta y Tres and Trinta e Três)
* In Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey, the title characters live at apartment number 33.
* In Life on Mars (TV series), the central character Sam finds himself 33 years in the past for the duration of the show.
* The code for international direct-dial phone calls to France
* A normal human spine has 33 vertebrae when the bones that form the coccyx are counted individually
* The number printed on all Rolling Rock beer labels
* The number of chapters per series of DarkSoul Kingdom, an online fantasy story
* Number of Cantos in each of Dante's 3 parts of The Divine Comedy
* Number of maximum European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System credits that Instituto Superior Técnico's students are allowed to achieve throughout one semester
* In music : http://www.thirty-three.be : a Belgian rockband who devoted their music to the sacred number 33.
* 33 is a street code name for Cocaine.
* The namesake of the private club, Club 33, located in Disneyland's New Orleans Square.
* The Scottish Rite of Freemasonry has 33 degrees.
* Number of victims, including the suspect, that were all killed at Virginia Tech, April 16, 2007.
* The double triangle is another word for, "33."
* Groundhog Day is the 33rd day of the year.
* 33 were Uruguay's national Independence Heroes that liberate the country in 1825 from the Brazilian Empire, they are populary known as "Treinta y Tres Orientales" (The Thirty-Three Orientals ), one of Uruguay's national states and its capital city is named " Treinta y Tres" ater them.
* A religious image of the Virgin Mary from the XVIII Century is known in Uruguay as "Virgen de los Treinta y Tres" (Virgin of the Thity-Three) consecrated by Pope John Paul II in his visit to Uruguay in 1988.

[edit] Historical years

33 A.D., 33 B.C., 1933, 2033, etc.

[edit] References

* Prime Curios! 33 from the Prime Pages

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/33_%28number%29"

Categories: Integers | Numbers in pop culture

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/33_(number)

posted in 33* - 0 replies

33 degrees

karina — Sun, 17 Apr 2005 12:43:19 GMT

http://www.crystalinks.com/33.html

33 - Myth - Math - Metaphors - Masons

Friday - October 1, 2004

For the next 33 days - focus will be on the 2004 presidential election.

Last night's debate between Bush & Kerry was focused on the war in Iraq. Though most Americans are opposed to the ongoing war - it is all part of a Master Plan that leads back to the Middle East - Iraq - The Cradle of CiviliZation - bringing our experience here full circle. We live in Drama Central - Prime Time - Linear Time!

33 Days - 33 Degrees All things are created by degree as our reality is created by sacred geometry.

33 is a double digit - giving it greater power - and is linked to the Old World Orders by exact degree - in the Great Plan - connected by grid points - 'gridlock' to the Freemasons.

We live in a Masonic program - the final outcome not in the hands of the characters in the script - but in the creators. Are we the creators? Not in 3D...

Thursday night when the first 90 minute debate took place - it was Friday in many parts of the world - Iraq included - 33 days until the election.

What is meant by New World Order is the return of the Souls to Source - One - Symbolozied on the dollar bill - The Great Seal and the Dollar Bill - the Eye of Horus - Resurrection and Rebirth - the Eye - I - the evolution of consciousness and thought - the end of Linear Time - Linear=Parallel Lines of Experience - 11:11 - Twin Spiraling DNA - Twin Towers - Ground Zero - '0' - Completion - Return to Zero Point

It's been an interesting 'run' ... but alas all things are quickly spiraling upward/forward so we can assimilate and process the totality of what we have experienced in all levels of our soul awareness. 2005 will bring many of us to that point - way above the healing grid in thought and consciousness vibration.

Websites linked to 33 Degrees

Fusion Anamoly - Freemasons - 33 degrees
[This is a great website to wonder/wander through. Please check it out. You'll find other things as the site is extensive.]

David Icke 33 Degree Masons "Only the princes of Masonry shall know the true knowledge."
[I see this as the bloodline - those here to bring enlightenment and closure - those whose DNA is activated to this end and know their mission and with that the coming changes. Does Icke mean the true knowledge or the tree knowledge or are they one and the same?]

Masons & Other Occultists Rever The Number Baghdad is located on 33 North Parallel. Babylon was the first known city established and is on the 33 parallel.
[That resonates somewhere in my soul memory. Parallel=balance. I don't believe that Satan is coming. These are metaphors for the duality of reality - and the duality that exists within each of us - trying to establish a new order of consciousness]

33 degrees - Masonic Symbolism in the Assassination of John F. Kennedy
[Didn't many people predict an assassination attempt - or success - on Bush - as he was elected in a year ending with '00'? I never saw that fate for Bush. He remains ... and plays out his roles - another puppet in the game - pulling strings - strings=harmonics].

At the end of the day - at the end of time - the secrets of those who set up the program based on Myth, Math and Metaphor - the Architect of it all and Creator of the Blueprint of this reality - Z - Thoth - brings us this message ....

All is projected illusion in the games of 33

Remember the Magic - Illusion - Flying Carpet - Twin Flames - Black & White Merge

FREEMASONS

NUMEROLOGY

SACRED GEOMETRY

posted in 33* - 0 replies